Are these inline frames identical?

Another accessibility violation you may see is "Are these inline frames identical?" Basically, on your page are multiple iFrames (for example, a couple of embedded YouTube videos), and each title attribute is the same. In this case, it is something like <iframe title="YouTube Player" ...=>. In order to be accessible, the title of the iFrame should be unique and directly related to the video. Otherwise, when a screen reader user is navigating, they won't be able to go directly to the video they want. Instead, they would have to play each video to determine which video is the one they are looking for.

In the case of iFrame YouTube videos (which, let's face it, is about 99% of all the iFrames we embed on our pages), I always recommend just doing the title of the video <iframe title="Christmas Fireplace Scene with Crackling Fire Sounds (6 hours)" ...>. This is the easiest and most informative variation. Generally, you don't need to include "YouTube Video" or other indication of what the media is. Just the video title is fine as it will be fairly obvious to screen reader users that there is a video contained within the iFrame.

But now apply this same philosophy to all other elements on your page, such as image ALT text. Do you have two or more images on your page with the same (or very similar) ALT text? For example <img alt="Students in the Quad" .../>. If you have multiple of those on a page, perhaps you need to reconsider the purpose of each image and what meaning it is trying to convey. Make them all unique so that a user knows the difference between them (or more likely in the case where it is a very generic ALT text, make them all decorative).

This same philosophy applies when you have multiple buttons with the same text but do different functions, such as multiple. Make sure that these buttons are unique with an aria-label or other technique such as. However, you don’t need to adjust the text for buttons if every “add to cart” button on the page has the same function.

So, in short, make sure everything on your page is clearly identifiable and not ambiguous to anything else on the page.